Terminološko tehnični slovar za velike pregrade | poglavje: PREGRADE

Hidravlično nasuta pregrada

Hidravlično nasuta pregrada (TE) - Nasuta pregrada, zgrajena iz materialov, pogosto izbagranih iz korita. ki so transportirani in vgrajeni kot suspenzija v tekoči vodi.

Hydraulic fill dam

Hydraulic fill dam (TE) - An embankment dam constructed of materials, often dredged, which are conveyed and placed by suspension in flowing water.

Zemeljska pregrada

Zemeljska pregrada (TE) - Nasuta pregrada, v kateri je več kot 50 % celotne prostornine narejene iz zgoščenega drobnozrnatega materiala iz nahajališča materiala.

Earth dam; earthfill dam

Earth dam or Earthfill dam (TE) - An embankment dam in which more than 50 % of the total volume is formed of compacted fine grained material obtained from a borrow area.

Homogena zemeljska pregrada

Homogeneous earthfill dam

Conirana zemeljska pregrada

Zoned earthfill dam

Stična površina

Interface

Skalometna pregrada

Skalometna pregrada (ER) - Nasuta pregrada, v kateri je več kot 50 % celotne prostornine narejene iz naravnega ali lomljenega kamna.

Rockfill dam

Rockfill dam (ER) - An embankment dam in which more than 50 % of the total volume comprises compacted or dumped pervious natural or crushed stone.

Skalometna pregrada z navpičnim (ali nagnjenim) glinastim jedrom

Rockfill dam with vertical (or inclined) clay core

Skalometna pregrada z betonsko tesnilno oblogo

Rockfill dam with concrete facing

Skalometna pregrada z asfaltnobetonskim jedrom

Rockfill dam with asphaltic concrete core wall

Pobočje

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Slope

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Obloga (kanala, tunela, jaška ipd)

Obloga - V zvezi s kanalom, tunelom ali jaškom, prevleka iz asfaltnega betona, betona, armiranega betona ali pnevmatskega betona, za zagotovitev vodotesnosti, preprečitev erozije ali zmanjšanje trenja.

Lining (of canal, tunnel, shaft, etc)

Lining - With reference to a canal, tunnel or shaft, a coating of asphaltic concrete, concrete, reinforced concrete or shotcrete to provide watertightness, to prevent erosion or to reduce friction.

Plast (sloj)

Layer

Enoplastna obloga

Single layer lining

Dvoplastna obloga

Double layer lining

Tesnilna prevleka

Sealing coat

Površinska obloga

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Facing

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Vzvodna površinska membrana

Gorvodna površinska membrana (Slika 3d) - Membrana, plošča ali tanka cona, narejena iz gibkega neprepustnega materiala, nameščena na gorvodnem licu nasute pregrade.

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Upstream membrane

Upstream membrane (Fig. 3d) - A membrane or sheet or thin zone made of a flexible impervious material and placed on the upstream face of a fill dam.

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Zaščita pobočja

Zaščita pobočja - Zaščita pobočja nasipa proti delovanju valov ali eroziji.

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Slope protection; revetment

Slope protection - The protection of embankment slope against wave action or erosion.

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Zaščitne ponjave

Zaščitne ponjave - Prevleka iz dračja, palic, plastičnih vlaken ali drugega materiala, povezanega med seboj za zaščito nasipa ali rečnega korita pred erozijo.

Mattress for protection

Mattress - A blanket of brush, poles, plastic fibres or other material lashed together to protect the embankment or river channel from erosion.

Tlakovanje

Tlakovanje - Klesan kamen, prefabricirani bloki ali zložen kamen, položen na urejen način s praznimi ali z zapolnjenimi stiki na gorvodno lice nasute pregrade, na obalo zbiralnika ali na brežino kanala kot zaščita proti valovom in delovanju ledu.

Pitching

Pitching - Squared masonry or precast blocks or embedded stones laid in regular fashion with dry or filled joints on the upstream slope of an embankment dam or on a reservoir shore or on the sides of a channel as a protection against wave and ice action.

Kamnomet (»Riprap«)

Kamnomet (»Riprap«) (Slika 1) - Plast velikih neobdelanih kamnov, lomljene skale ali prefabriciranih blokov, vgrajenih na neurejen način na gorvodnem licu nasute pregrade, obali zbiralnika ali brežini kanala kot zaščita proti valovom in delovanju ledu. Zelo velik »riprap« se včasih imenuje tudi »armouring«.

Riprap

Riprap (Fig. 1) - A layer of large uncoursed stones, broken rock or precast blocks placed in random fashion on the upstream slope of an embankment dam or on a reservoir shore or on the sides of a channel as a protection against wave and ice action. Very large riprap is sometimes referred to as “armouring”.

Skalometna obloga iz velikih kamnov

Armouring; large riprap

Berma

Berma (Slika 1) - Vodoravna stopnica v pobočju profila nasute pregrade, skalnega ali zemeljskega izkopa.

Berm

Berm (Fig. 1) - A horizontal step in the sloping profile of an embankment dam, or in a rock or earth cut.

Zid v peti pregrade

Toe wall; foot wall (Am)

Vzvodna tesnilna preproga

Gorvodna tesnilna preproga (slika 1) - Neprepustna preproga, položena na dnu zbiralnika gorvodno od pregrade. V primeru nasute pregrade je preproga lahko povezana z nepropustnim elementom.

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Upstream blanket

Upstream blanket (Fig. 1) - An impervious blanket placed on the reservoir floor upstream of a dam. In the case of an embankment dam, the blanket may be connected to the impermeable element.

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Podporno telo (vzvodno ali nizvodno)

Podporno telo (Slika 1) - Gorvodni in dolvodni del preseka nasute pregrade na obeh straneh jedra ali jedrne stene. Zato tudi izrazi »gorvodno podporno telo«, »dolvodno podporno telo«.

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Shoulder; shell (Am)

Shoulder or Shell (Am.) (Fig. 1) - The upstream and downstream parts of the cross-section of an embankment dam on each side of the core or core wall. Hence the expressions Upstream shoulder - downstream shoulder.

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Obremenilna peta

Obremenilna peta (slika 1) - Dodatni material, naložen ob peti (vznožju) nasute pregrade za povečanje njene stabilnosti.

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Toe weight

Toe weight (Fig. 1) - Additional material placed at the toe of an embankment dam to increase its stability.

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Obremenitev pobočja

Obremenitev pobočja - Dodatni material, naložen na pobočje nasipa.

Weighting of a slope

Weighting of a slope - Additional material placed on the slope of an embankment.

Jedro; nepropustno jedro; neprepustna cona (nagnjena, navpična)

Jedro, nepropustno jedro ali nepropustna cona (Slika 1 in 3a) - Cona materiala nizke prepustnosti v nasuti pregradi. Zato izrazi »centralno jedro«, »glinasto jedro« in »jedro iz valjane gline«.

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Core; impervious core; impervious zone (inclined, vertical)

Core or Impervious core or Impervious zone (Fig. 1 and 3a) - A zone of material of low permeability in an embankment dam. hence the expressions “central core”, “inclined core”, “clay core” and “rolled clay core”.

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Jedro iz peščene gline

Puddle clay core

Jedrna stena

Jedrna stena (Slika 3b) - Stena, znatne debeline, zgrajena iz nepropustnega materiala, običajno iz betona ali asfaltnega betona, v nasuti pregradi, da se prepreči prepuščanje.

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Core wall

Core wall (Fig. 3b) - A wall of substantial thickness built of impervious material, usually of concrete or asphaltic concrete, in the body of an embankment dam to prevent leakage.

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Diafragma

Diafragma (Slika 3c) - Membrana, plošča ali tanka cona, narejena iz gibkega neprepustnega materiala, nameščena v telesu nasute pregrade.

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Diaphragm

Diaphragm (Fig. 3c) - A membrane or sheet or thin zone made of a flexible impervious material and placed in the body of a fill dam.

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Filter; filtrna cona

Filter ali filtrna cona (Slika 1) - Pas zrnatega materiala, ki je vključen v nasuto pregrado, in je razvrščen tako (bodisi naravno ali z odbiranjem), da dopušča, da pronikla voda teče skozi ali vzdolž filtrne cone, ne da bi povzročila premikanje materiala iz con ob filtru.

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Filter; filter zone

Filter or Filter zone (Fig. 1) - A band of granular material which is incorporated in an embankment dam and is graded (either naturally or by selection) so as to allow seepage to flow across or down the filter zone without causing the migration of the material from zones adjacent to the filter.

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Obrnjeni filter

Reverse filter

Prehodna cona; polprepustna cona

Prehodna cona ali polprepustna cona - Znaten del preseka nasute pregrade, ki vsebuje material, katerega zrnavost je med zrnavostjo nepropustne in propustne cone.

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Transition zone; semi-pervious zone

Transition zone or Semi-pervious zone - A substantial part of the cross-section of an embankment dam comprising material whose grading is of intermediate size between that of an impervious zone and that of a permeable zone.

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Prepustna cona

Prepustna cona - Del preseka nasute pregrade, ki vsebuje material visoke prepustnosti.

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Pervious zone

Pervious zone - A part of the cross-section of an embankment dam comprising material of high permeability.

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Dimnična drenaža

Dimnična drenaža Vertikalna ali skoraj vertikalna plast prepustnega materiala v nasipu, da omogoči dreniranje.

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Chimmey drain

Chimney drain - A vertical or near vertical layer of pervious material in an embankment to facilitate drainage of the fill.

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Drenažni sloj

Drenažni sloj (Slika 1) - Sloj prepustnega materiala v zemeljski pregradi, da se razbremeni porne tlake ali omogoči dreniranje nasipa.

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Drainage layer

Drainage layer (Fig. 1) - A layer of pervious material in an earthfill dam to relieve pore pressures or to facilitate drainage of the fill.

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Drenažna preproga

Drenažna preproga (Slika 1) - Drenažni sloj, položen neposredno na temeljna tla.

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Drainage blanket

Drainage blanket (Fig. 1) - A drainage layer placed directly over the foundation material.

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Drenažne cevi

Drain pipes

Trakasta drenaža

Trakasta drenaža - Vrsta vzporednih drenaž majhne širine (namesto neprekinjene drenažne preproge), ki drenirajo do dolvodne pete nasute pregrade.

Finger drains; strip drains

Finger drains or Strip drains - A series of parallel drains of narrow width (instead of a continuous drainage blanket) draining to the downstream toe of the embankment dam.

Zbirna drenaža

Drainage collector

Drenaža v peti pregrade

Drenaža v peti pregrade - Sistem cevi in/ali drenažnega materiala vzdolž dolvodne pete nasute pregrade, ki zbira proniklo vodo iz temeljev in nasipa in jo odvede na površino.

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Toe drain

Toe drain - A system of pipe and/or drainage material along the downstream toe of an embankment dam used to collect seepage from the foundation and embankment and convey it to the surface.

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Linija precejanja

Line of seepage

Model precejanja

Seepage pattern

Tesnilni obroč

Tesnilni obroč - Betonski obroč, narejen na zunanji strani tunela ali kanala pod nasuto pregrado, da se zmanjša precejanje vzdolž zunanjega lica tunela ali kanala.

Seepage collar

Seepage collar - A projecting collar of concrete built around the outside of a tunnel or conduit, under an embankment dam, to reduce seepage along the outer surface of the tunnel or conduit.

Notranja erozija (piping)

Notranja erozija (»Piping«) - Progresivni razvoj notranje erozije, povzročen s precejanjem, ki se na dolvodni strani pojavi v obliki luknje, ki odvaja vodo.

Piping

Piping - The progressive development of internal erosion by seepage, appearing downstream as a hole discharging water.